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A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application.cite-ref-1[1]cite-ref-2[2]

Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.

• Syntax

• Examples

• References

• External links

An SGML processing instruction is enclosed within <? and >.cite-ref-3[3]

An XML processing instruction is enclosed within <? and ?>, and contains a target and optionally some content, which is the node value, that cannot contain the sequence ?>.cite-ref-4[4]

The XML Declaration at the beginning of an XML document (shown below) is another example of a processing instruction,cite-ref-5[5] however it may not technically be considered one.cite-ref-nutshell-6-0[6]

The most common use of a processing instruction is to request the XML document be rendered using a stylesheet using the 'xml-stylesheet' target, which was standardized in 1999.cite-ref-7[7] It can be used for both XSLT and CSS stylesheets.

The DocBook XSLT stylesheets understand a number of processing instructions to override the default behaviour.cite-ref-8[8]

A draft specification for Robots exclusion standard rules inside XML documents uses processing instructions.cite-ref-9[9]

cite-note-11. ↑ citerefstayton2007Stayton, Bob (September 2007). "Chapter 9. Customization methods §Processing instructions". DocBook XSL: The Complete Guide. Sagehill Enterprises. ISBN 978-0974152134.

cite-note-22. ↑ Comparison of SGML and XML; World Wide Web Consortium Note, 15 December 1997

cite-note-33. ↑ citerefbryan1997Bryan, Martin (1997). SGML and HTML Explained. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 0-201-40394-3. Retrieved 2010-08-18.

cite-note-44. ↑ citerefhossein-bidgoli2004Hossein Bidgoli (2004). The Internet encyclopedia, Volume 3. John Wiley and Sons. p. 877. ISBN 0-471-22203-8.

cite-note-55. ↑ "XML 1.0 - slide "Processing Instructions (PIs)"". www.w3.org. Retrieved 2023-02-08.

cite-note-nutshell-66. ↑ citerefelliotte-rusty-harold-w-scott-means2004Elliotte Rusty Harold, W. Scott Means (2004). XML in a nutshell. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-596-00764-5.

cite-note-77. ↑ "Associating Style Sheets with XML documents 1.0 (Second Edition)".

cite-note-88. ↑ "Part 2. FO Processing Instruction Reference".

cite-note-99. ↑ "Robots Processing Instruction Homepage". Archived from the original on 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2010-08-18.

• XML specification section: Processing Instructions

• XSLT FAQ: Processing Instructions, Dave Pawson

• xslt:processing-instruction, Mozilla